\n\u2022 Compliance with legal hygiene standards
\n\u2022 Dimensional stability
\n\u2022 Feather and down composition
\n\u2022 Thermal insulation \u2022 Appearance
\n\u2022 Lightweight
\n\u2022 Pleasant odour
\n\u2022 Resistance to feather shedding
\n\u2022 Feather cleanliness
\n\u2022 Waterproofness
\n\u2022 Colour fastness<\/p>\n
Many of these original performances can be compromised by incorrect washing. Often consumers may not pay much attention or trust what is written on the labels attached to the garments; a good laundry operator checks all the labels and informs the customer regarding any anomalies that could lead to deffects during washing.<\/p>\n
Compliance with hygiene regulations It is mandatory for garments to have a label certifying that the feathers filling have been sterilised in accordance to the current regulations, as indicated below:<\/p>\n
\u201cThis garment is padded with real down, that has been washed, and sterilized according to international standards R.A.L. and D.M.10\/11\/76, or with another procedure capable of achieving the same hygienic and sanitization effects\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n Usually, the consumer does not check for the presence of such a label; in the absence of such a label, the laundry should bring it to the customer\u2019s attention.<\/p>\n Feather composition and feather spillage<\/strong> feathers of duck and goose under the microscope<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Goose feathers are superior to duck feathers in terms of odour, swelling and behaves better when washed (feather shedding, odour, puffiness cleaning).<\/p>\n feather down composition is important<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n The amount of various elements that come out from the garment (like feather – down – broken feather – feather fibre – down fibre – residue) during wearing and washing depends on: fabric spillage<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n down and feather fibres spillage from seams<\/span><\/strong><\/a> down and feather fibres spillage from the inner pocket<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n The spillage of these elements depends on several factors, such as: intersection hole between warp and weft<\/strong><\/span> Today, there are some garments similar to down jackets (generally used for the spring season) filled not with feathers but with polyester. In this case, the most frequent defects not related to washing but claimed after washing, are: Dimensional stability<\/strong> Drying on a form finisher should be avoided, as the dry heat causes shrinkage on nylon or polyester outer fabric, as shown in the picture below (indicated by the shortening of the sleeves).<\/p>\n sleeves shortening<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n TNT of the container bag<\/strong> spillage of elements from<\/strong><\/span> Tightening<\/strong> excluding PVC, even high-temperature tumble drying could lead to the stiffening of the internal resin film<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Halos along the seams<\/strong> halos along the seams<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n stains on the collar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Wrinkles<\/strong> Unpleasant odour<\/strong> It is caused by various factors: It is possible to eliminate the odour by spraying the garment with “odor-capturing spray for cats”, which is not a deodorant but a chemical spray that chemically transforms the unpleasant odour into a neutral one. The effect of the odour neutralizing is disappearing until the next washing and then it reappears.<\/p>\n Apparent stains<\/strong> padding displacement with full and thin areas.<\/strong><\/span> <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n padding clustering with full and thin areas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Yellowing of the outer fabric originally white or light<\/strong> yellowing due to phenolic degradation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Deterioration of external appearance<\/strong> The outer fabric in synthetic fiber does not absorb water and therefore accumulates static electricity. Static electricity attracts all the dust present in the washing machine, especially during the drying phase, and facilitates the passage of feathers. Synthetic fabrics must be treated with an antistatic agent during production stage to prevent the accumulation of electrostatic charges. The electrostatic charge of fabrics should be less than 1 kV (kilovolt). Fabrics are often resin-coated and rubbing causes the degradation of the resin, as shown in the photo.<\/p>\n fading and light streaks<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n white pilling<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n In polyester-cotton blend quilts (warp polyester and weft cotton), after washing, you may observe the emergence of dense and short white fluff, resembling like frost. This is caused by the shedding of cotton fibres, particularly due to the use of short Indian cotton fibres of 1,4 cm in length.<\/p>\n Hydro-repellence<\/strong> washing can cancel<\/strong><\/span> Fur stiffening<\/strong> Hair loss<\/strong> Zip stains<\/strong> oxidized zipper teeth<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n colour discharge from oxidised zip<\/strong><\/span> Oxidation of accessories<\/strong> Washing can cause the oxidation of the metallic parts and colour discharge due to an imperfection.<\/p>\n
\nOften the type of feather, whether goose or duck, is not indicated on the label.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.staging.detergo.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/2.GUIDA_.LAVANDERIA_DETERGO_FEBBRAIO_2024.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
\n\u2022 the type of animal;
\n\u2022 the quality of the feathers;
\n\u2022 the composition;
\n\u2022 the type of fabric.<\/p>\n<\/a> <\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
\n\u2022 absent or broken container bag;
\n\u2022 poor quality of the filling material;
\n\u2022 large-sized intersection holes;
\n\u2022 lack of resin-coating of the intersecting holes;
\n\u2022 poorly executed quilting;
\n\u2022 low resistance to tearing;
\n\u2022 high electrostatic charge.<\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
\nlarger than the filling material<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
\n\u2022 spillage of the polyester filling fibres, which are too thin compared to the fabric with too large intersecting holes
\n\u2022 reduction in thickness due to smooth, non-creased polyester fibres;
\n\u2022 clustering with formation of lumps.<\/p>\n
\nDepends on the quality of the outer fabric, lining and containment bag and, of course, on the maintenance carried out. The standard shrinkage to water washing is of maximum 2% in both directions with tumble drying at maximum 55\u00b0C. If the fabric shrinks excessively during washing and drying, is due to the lack of thermo fixation of the fabric.<\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
\nIf the fabric of the container bag is made of polypropylene TNT, drying it at a temperature higher than 40\u00b0C causes a strong shrinkage and consequently, the outer fabric quilted with lining shortens, taking a wavy configuration. In general, polypropylene TNT shrinks in only one direction, and the resulting waves on the outer fabric will have a privileged direction.<\/p>\n<\/a> <\/a><\/p>\n
\nthe TNT of the container bag<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
\nIf the fabric is laminated with a PVC film (often not indicated on the label), it is necessary to avoid dry cleaning (both perchloroethylene and hydrocarbon) as the film stiffens, and the garment becomes a solid object, as shown in the picture.<\/p>\n<\/a> <\/a><\/p>\n
\nHalos often appear along the seams, taking the form of a track. The responsibility can be blamed to poor cleaning of the feathers or degradation of the lamination resin. Often, there are discolouration lines on the collar and cuffs that are already present at the time of acceptance and can be highlighted by localized stain removal (to be avoided). These are caused by the degradation of the adhesive due to alcohol-based products (perfumes, deodorants, etc.)<\/p>\n<\/a> <\/a><\/p>\n
\nWrinkles are often caused by the mechanical action of washing and drying due to the localised detachment of the laminates (lining and fabric). If the garment has a certain age, hydrolysis of the adhesive can occur, which loses its anchoring efficiency, and leading to the defect.<\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
\nAfter washing, drying and ironing, an unpleasant smell of \u201crotten fish\u201d is noticed. The unpleasant odour emanating from the feathers, which becomes noticeable in warm and humid conditions, persists over time and can no longer be eliminated.<\/p>\n
\n\u2022 poor cleaning of the feathers (poorly dried or on the wrong side);
\n\u2022 type of animal (for example, duck may have a stronger odor than goose);
\n\u2022 feed and breeding conditions (fish meal, algae, marsh grass, etc.);
\n\u2022 age of the animal.<\/p>\n
\nThe generally light and transparent outer fabric is internally laminated If the lamination is not done correctly, itnternal detachment of the laminate may occur and light reflects differently in the area corresponding to the detachment zone, creating a stain. It looks like a stain but it is actually a different reflection of light on the outer fabric.<\/p>\n
\nIt is caused by the poor quality of the feathers and<\/strong><\/span>
\nlarge quilted areas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/a> <\/a><\/p>\n
\nThere are two causes of the defect, certainly not caused by the laundry:
\n\u2022 degradation of the optic if the original colour was dyed with an optical brightener;
\n\u2022 low colour fastness to the action of phenolic resins present in adhesives, finishing products, etc., causing fabrics to take on a straw-yellow color.<\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a> <\/a><\/p>\nemergence of dense and short white fluff<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
\nA fabric is waterproof when water does not penetrate and flows, leaving the fabric dry. Water-repellence is measured on a scale of 1 \u2013 very bad to 5 \u2013 very good.<\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
\nthe hydro-repellence<\/strong><\/span>
\nand the customer may notice it later<\/strong><\/span>
\nwhen the garment is exposed to rain<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
\nSome parts of the fur appear stiff and torn. The underlying leather is hardened and tears very easily. Unappropriated washing conditions (such as dry-cleaning or water-washing drying temperatures) can lead to the stiffening of the leather due to dehydration, resulting in possible tears during the washing agitation. Poor tanning can also cause this defect, even if the maintenance has been correctly made.<\/p>\n
\nIf the tanning process was made incorrectly, the hair is detaching from the base due to mechanical agitation.<\/p>\n
\nThe zipper reinforcement fabric is made of polyester. If the reinforcement fabric has low colour resistance, prolonged contact under pressure and in specific temperature and humidity conditions can cause colour transfer from the zipper to the adjacent fabric.<\/p>\n<\/a> <\/a><\/p>\n
\nto fabric<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n